| Measurement method | Suitable samples | Characteristic | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Open type resonator method | PCB, film, liquid sample | High accuracy Single frequency measurement Suitable for low loss materials Suitable for small sized sample | |
| 2 | LC resonator method | PCB, film | Medium accuracy Suitable for less than 100 MHz | |
| 3 | Capacitance method | Film | ․Suitable for less than 1 GHz | |
| 4 | Propagation delay method | Film, solid sample | Suitable for 1 GHz or higher Suitable for non-uniform media | |
| 5 | Liquid, powder, absorber, film | Wideband measurement Suitable for homogeneous media | ||
| 6 | Absorber, solid, liquid sample | Low accuracy Wideband measurement Suitable for flat plate specimens Measurable in high temperature |