| IoT security | – Due to HW and SW advances IoT security is a fast-evolving area through 2021 and the skills shortage today will only accelerate. |
| – It is expected that the companies adopting IoT are investing in these areas. |
| IoT analytics | – Require new algorithms, architectures, data structres and approaches to machine learning |
| IoT device management | – Significant innovation will result from the challenge of enabling technologies that are context, location, and state-aware while at the same time consistent with data and knowledge taxonomies. |
| Low-power short-range IoT networks | – Low-power short-range IoT networks will dominate wireless IoT connectivity through 2025, far outnumbering connections using wide-area IoT networks. |
| LPWAN | – LPWAN aim is to deliver data rates from hundreds of bits per second(bps) to tens of kilobits pet second(kbps) with nationwide coverage, a battery life of up to 10 years, an endpoint hardware cost of around $5, and support for hundreds of thousands of devices connected to a base station or its equivalent. |
| IoT processors | – Low-end 8-bit microprocessors will dominate the IoT through 2019 and shipments of 32-bit microprocessors will overtake the 8-bit devices by 2020 |
| IoT operating systems | – A wide range of IoT-specific operating systems with minimal and small footprint will gain momentum in IoT through 2020 as traditional largr-scale operating systems including Windows and iOS are too complex and resource-intensive for the majority of IoT applications. |
| Event stream processing | – Systems creating tens of thousands of events per second are common, and millions of events per second can occur in some telecom and telemetry situatiions. |
| – They typically use parallel architectures to process very high-rate data streams to perform tasks such as real-time analytics and pattern recogniotion. |
| IoT platforms | – Low-level device control and operations |
| – IoT data acquisition, transformation and management |
| – IoT application development, including event-driven logic, application programming, visualization, analytics and adapters to connect to enterprise systems. |
| IoT standards and ecosystems | – Standards and their associated APIs will be essential because IoT devices will need to interoperate and communicate. |